How to find treaties
This guide will help you locate the texts of treaties.
The library holds treaties to which the UK is a party.
For an explanation of treaty terms refer to Bowman & Harris on Multilateral Treaties (Bay G6) or the website of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office [archived content].
Library holdings
UK treaties are normally published as Command Papers.
You can find these on:
microfiche from 1801 onwards
Public Information Online from 1835
Use the indexes (listed below) to find out the Command Paper number.
Some treaties may appear as appendices in textbooks or in collections of treaties.
The Law Society Library holds:
- Brownlie, Basic Documents on Human Rights. 5th ed. (2006) (held in stores, please ask Library staff)
- Shawcross & Beaumont, Air Law. 4th ed. (loose-leaf) (Bay 20) (up-to-date to Nov 2017)
- Simon’s Taxes, 5th ed. (loose-leaf) (for double taxation treaties involving the UK) (Bay 23)
- Tweeddale, Arbitration of Commercial Disputes, International and English Law and Practice (2005) (Bay 4)
Indexes
Parry’s Index to British Treaties (Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral treaties, 4 volumes) (Bay G6)
You can use this to find UK bilateral or multi-lateral treaties. It covers 1101-1988. It is arranged by date of signature and includes a list of sources. There are also subject and country indexes.
Index to Treaty Series 1968-2012 (UK Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral treaties) (Bay G6)
Bowman & Harris, Multi-lateral Treaties (plus supplement) (Bay G6)
This can be used to trace multi-lateral treaties, whether the UK has ratified them.
It contains most treaties likely to be encountered in practice from 1856 to1994.
It is arranged by date of signature and includes a list of sources.
There is a subject index and an index based on key words in the treaty title.
Index to House of Commons Parliamentary Papers (1801 – 2006/07)
Library staff can use this to look up treaties by subject when the year or exact title is not known.
It is also needed to find the Command Paper number, microfiche number and volume and page number of Command Papers dated before 1979.
Internet
Public Information Online (PIO)
The Library has a subscription to this database, which contains Command Papers from 1835 onwards.
It can be accessed in the Library, or Library staff can use it to find a Command paper.
UK Treaties Online
The UKTO service enables you to access details of over 14,000 treaties involving the UK.
You can research the existence of treaties, find important information about them (such as the place and date of signature and entry into force date) and see which states or organisations participate in them.
Treaty Series 2013 to present and selected non-treaty Command Papers
The Treaty Series gives access to all Command Papers published in the UK Treaty Series from 2013 to the present.
Checking the status and parties to a treaty
For Multilateral Treaties
If the treaty was concluded before 1983, check Bowman & Harris 1984 volume (Bay G6) using the subject index or the chronological list. Update your treaty using Bowman & Harris 1995 vol. part B.
If your treaty was concluded after June 1983 check Bowman & Harris, Part A of the 1995 volume.
For UK Bilateral and Multilateral
you can also use Parry’s Index to British Treaties 1101-1988 (4 volumes) (Bay G6) for UK treaties:
Volume 1 to find a bilateral treaty by country or subject, or multilateral treaty by subject for 1101-1968.
Volume 2 (1101-1925) and Volume 3 (1926-1968) contains a Chronological List of Treaties, giving details of the place, date of signature, entry into force, parties and termination (where applicable).
Volume 4 (Part I) use to update (to 1988) any entry found in Volume 2 or 3.
Volume 4 (Part II) use the index at the back to trace a treaty from 1968-1988.
Recent Status Information
The sources listed above are increasingly limited by date of publication. The status of treaties is constantly changing, it is advisable to update any information found in Bowman & Harris and Parry’s Index. For recent UK status information you will need to contact the Treaty Enquiry Section of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Tel: 020 7008 1109 Email: treatypublicenquiries@fco.gov.uk
For recent status information for other countries contact the relevant depositary government or organisation. This information is usually indicated in the final provisions of the treaty. Bowman & Harris also lists depositaries. Some depositaries publish treaty texts and status information on the internet. If using the internet for treaty research ensure that the site is authoritative and the status information is current.
Preparatory materials
For every treaty, preparatory documents exist. Only a limited number are published, usually by the depositary concerned. Obtaining material from a depositary is unlikely to be a quick process.